Eastern knowledge
St. Jovan Damaskin
2006. cyrillic, hard cover, p. 368., 22 cm
St. Jovan Damaskin
2006. cyrillic, hard cover, p. 368., 22 cm
This book is work of the great theolog from VIII century, where the knowledge about the fundamental christian questions are drawn on the surface. A certain philosophical introduction into christian theology, which is based on Aristotle and partially on neoplatonist Porfiry, represents a main topic of some philosophical chapters. Author divides philosophy into theoretical ( theology and nature study) and practical philosophy (ethic, economy and politic), and investigates and interprets the main philosophical concepts (being, essence, nature, hypostasis, genus, specie, ...). Also, this book contains a system of dogmatic learnings of Orthodox Church, which includes a learning of God, angels, demons, good and evil, natural world, man, mother of God, icons, freedom, faith, holy secrets, ... A brief review of life and work of Saint J. Damaskin is included as well.
More info: Eastern knowledge
Saint John of Damascus, also called Saint John Damascene, Latin Johannes Damascenus (born c. 675, Damascus—died Dec. 4, 749, near Jerusalem; Western feast day December 4), Eastern monk and theological doctor of the Greek and Latin churches whose treatises on the veneration of sacred images placed him in the forefront of the 8th-century Iconoclastic Controversy, and whose theological synthesis made him a preeminent intermediary between Greek and medieval Latin culture.
ReplyDeleteJohn of Damascus succeeded his father as one of the Muslim caliph’s tax officials, and while still a government minister he wrote three Discourses on Sacred Images, c. 730, defending their veneration against the Byzantine emperor Leo III and the Iconoclasts. The Iconoclasts obtained a condemnation of John at the Council of Hieria in 754 that was reversed at the second Council of Nicaea in 787.
Soon after 730, John became a monk at Mar Saba, near Jerusalem, and there passed the rest of his life studying, writing, and preaching, acquiring the name “the Golden Orator” (Greek: Chrysorrhoas, literally “the Golden Stream”). Among his approximately 150 written works the most significant is Pēgē gnōseōs, (“The Source of Knowledge”), a synthesis of Christian philosophy and doctrine that was influential in directing the course of medieval Latin thought and that became the principal textbook of Greek Orthodox theology. Revised c. 743, it is composed of three parts: the philosophical (“Dialectica”), drawing largely from the late 3rd-century Neoplatonist Porphyry’s Isagoge, an introduction to the logic of Aristotle; the historical, transcribing sections from the 4th-century Greek churchman Epiphanius’ work Panarion, on heresies; and the theological and most widely known segment, the “Exposition [Ekthesis] of the Orthodox Faith.” Essentially a résumé of the 4th-century Cappadocian Fathers Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa, and expressed in Aristotelian vocabulary, it manifests some distinctive originality in John’s choice of texts and annotations reflecting Antiochene analytical theology. Through its translation into Oriental languages and Latin, the “Exposition” served both Eastern and Western thinkers not only as a source of logical and theological concepts but also, by its systematic style, as a model for subsequent theological syntheses composed by medieval Scholastics. The “Exposition” speculates on the nature and existence of God, providing points of contention for later theologians.
Elsewhere the “Exposition” analyzes the nature of free choice and the will. The author was sensitive to this question in light of Christian doctrine on personal responsibility for salvation. He describes the human will as a rational appetite or inclination to the good, functioning with regard to ends or goals rather than with means, which relate more to the intellect. In God there is will but no deliberation.
A counterpart to The Source of Knowledge is John’s anthology of moral exhortations, the Sacred Parallels, culled from biblical texts and from writings of the Church Fathers. Among his literary works are several intricately structured kanōns, or hymns for the Greek liturgy, although his reputation in liturgical poetry rests largely on his revision of the Eastern Church’s hymnal, the Octoēchos.